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Text File | 1989-05-07 | 24.9 KB | 997 lines

.REMARK MSDOS Hyperfile copyright (c) N.G.Taylor 1989 . .HEADER $1 - $2 ~C65~NMSDOS~E ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ . .FOOTER ~L20═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ~MGeneral~E ~MDisk~E ~MDirectories~E ~MFiles~E ~MScreen~E ~MPrinter~E ~MBatch~E ~ADOS Terms~PN@MDOS Terms~E . .CHECK +fa . .MENU Disk ASSIGN CHKDSK DISKCOMP DISKCOPY FORMAT LABEL SYS VERIFY VOL . .MENU General BREAK DATE KEYBUK PATH PROMPT SET TIME VER . .MENU Screen CLS CTTY MODE . .MENU Printer GRAPHICS PRINT . .MENU Directories CHDIR DIR JOIN MKDIR RMDIR SUBST TREE XCOPY . .MENU Files APPEND ATTRIB COMP COPY DEL EDLIN ERASE FIND MORE RENAME REPLACE SORT TYPE . .MENU Batch ECHO IF GOTO FOR PAUSE REM Parameter SHIFT . .CHECK -fa . .MENU DOS Terms Environment variable ASCII Internal command External command Filespec Wildcard Subdirectory Root directory Default directory Default drive Status code Filter . .NOTE Help LEFT Mouse button is used for selection of item. RIGHT button is used to select control menu Items are other frames notes menus . .NOTE Filespec This should take the form [d:][\][path\][filename.filetype] Where filename can be up to 8 characters and filetype can be up to 3 characters. . .NOTE MSDOS This document describes the commands available under MSDOS version 3.2 . .NOTE Filter A filter is a program which reads from its standard input and writes to its standard output. Input and output can be redirected to/from a file or piped to/from another program. e.g. FILTERPROG < INPUT.FIL > OUTPUT.FIL PROGRAM1 | FILTERPROG | PROGRAM2 . .NOTE Status Code Sometimes referred to as the exit code this code is the value returned to DOS by a program when it terminates. It may be tested using the batch ~FIF~E command. The success status is normally 0. . .NOTE Root directory The Root directory is the highest level directory in the directory structure on a disk. The pathname symbol '\' at the start of a pathname indicates the root node in the hierarchy, the rest of the pathname being relative to this. . .NOTE Subdirectory A subdirectory is one which is held within another directory. A structure of directories can exist to any level. . .NOTE Internal command An internal command is one which is built into the DOS command processor and does not reside as a file on the disk. . .NOTE External command An external command is one which resides as a program file on the disk. It is held in a file with the extension of .EXE or .COM . .NOTE ASCII ASCII is an abbreviation for the code used to store textual data on a computer:- American Standard Code for Information Interchange . .NOTE Default Directory The current directory which will be used to refer to programs and files if a direct pathname to the file is not given. Other directories may be searched for files using the ~FPATH~E and ~FAPPEND~E commands to specify a search path. . .NOTE Default Drive The current disk drive which is used for all file specifications which do not include a drive specification in their pathname. The default drive is indicated on the DOS command line in the prompt. . .NOTE Wildcard A wildcard file specification allows all files matching a pattern to be selected. The '*' wildcard matches any number of characters in a file name or extension. The '?' wildcard matches any single character. e.g. *.EXE - all programs *.H?? - all HyperShell data files . .NOTE Environment variable An environment variable is a variable used by programs and batch files, set up using the ~FSET~E command. . .INDEX indicate that index is required .REMARK Start of main frame area .FRAME APPEND .TITLE Set a search path for data files APPEND [d:]\path[;[d:]\path..] This sets up a sequence of pathnames that are searched for data files when the data file is not in the ~Ndefault directory~E. . .END .FRAME ASSIGN .TITLE Assign drive letter to another drive ASSIGN requested-drive=searched-drive ASSIGN instructs DOS to use a disk drive other than the one specified in a file operation. e.g. ASSIGN A=C This will cause all references to A: to use drive C: instead . .END .FRAME ATTRIB .TITLE Set file attributes ATTRIB [+R or -R] [+A or -A] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype OPTIONS ------- +R Make the file Read-Only. -R Make the file Read-Write again. +A Force the file to be backed-up even if it has not been changed. -A Stop the file from being backed-up even though it has been changed. ~NWildcard~E file specifications can be used. . .FRAME BREAK .TITLE Set break level BREAK ON or BREAK OFF ON - check for Ctrl Break on every DOS operation OFF - check for Ctrl Break only during a screen, keyboard, printer or comms operation No parameter - show current setting . .FRAME CHDIR .TITLE Change to new directory for drive CHDIR [d:][\]path CD [d:][\]path CHDIR changes the ~Ndefault directory~E associated with the ~Ndefault drive~E or a named drive. If used without parameters, the ~Ndefault directory~E is displayed. . .END .FRAME CHKDSK .TITLE Carry out disk and memory check CHKDSK d:[\][path\][filename.filetype][/F][/N] OPTIONS ------- /F Fix errors as the disk is processed. /N Display messages as the disk is processed. CHKDSK performs checks on the memory in the PC and on the directories in the specified (or default) drive. Any filenames specified are checked for non-contiguous sectors. ~NWildcard~E characters can be used for the file specification. . .FRAME CLS .TITLE Clear screen CLS CLS clears the screen display. This is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E . .FRAME COMP .TITLE Compare two files COMP [option[option...]] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype [d:][\][path\] filename.filetype OPTIONS ------- ~n/A~E ~n/C~E ~n/L~E ~n/LBn~E ~n/N~E ~n/T~E ~n/W~E ~n/n~Pnnumber~E COMP compares two files and reports on any differences. It can also be used to compare sets of files. ~NWildcard~E characters are allowed in the file specifications. When differences are found, the offset in the file, and the contents in each file, are displayed. A count of the differences is reported at the end of processing. . .NOTE /A To indicate where the difference is just display the last line of the previous matching section and the first line of the following matching section - not all the lines in between. (The lines in between are represented by ...). .NOTE /C Treat all letters as upper case in the comparison. .NOTE /L Force a line by line comparison. (Used when the filetype of either file is EXE, COM, SYS, OBJ, LIB or BIN.) .NOTE /LBn Set the buffer size to n lines. (The default is 100 lines; the maximum depends on the amount of memory space your PC has.) .NOTE /N Add line numbers when reporting where the differences are. .NOTE /T Don't expand tab characters to spaces. (The default is to interpret each tab character as spaces up to the start of the next 8 character column. .NOTE /W Interpret all tabs and multiple spaces as single spaces; ignore spaces at the beginning and end of any line. .NOTE number Set the number of identical lines required before the comparison resynchronises to n. (The default is 2 lines). .END .FRAME COPY .TITLE Copy files COPY [d:][\][path\]source[/A][/B] [d:][\][path\]destination[/A][/B][/V] OPTIONS ------- SOURCE /A The file is treated as an ~NASCII~E text file. The contents are copied up to, but not including, the first Ctrl-Z (end of file) character. The /B The entire file is copied, regardless of any Ctrl-Z (end of file) character found in the file. DESTINATION /A The file is treated as an ~NASCII~E text file. A Ctrl-Z (end of file) character is added to the end of the file. /B No Ctrl-Z (end of file) character is added to the end of the file. /V The destination file is compared with the source file to verify the accuracy of the copy. ~NWildcard~E characters may be used in the source file specification. . .FRAME CTTY .TITLE Change default console device CTTY device CTTY redirects the standard console interaction to an auxiliary device. The device may be one of AUX, COM1, COM2 or CON. CON is the default console device, and setting to this has the effect of resetting the console to keyboard and screen. CTTY is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E. . .FRAME DATE .TITLE Show or set date DATE [dd-mm-yy] DATE displays and optionally sets the system date DATE is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E. . .FRAME DEL .TITLE Delete file(s) DEL [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype DEL erases files from disk on the specified drive in the specified directory. ~NWildcard~E file specifications are permitted. If all files are specified with a *.* wildcard, the confirmatory prompt:- Are you sure(Y/N) Is issued before doing the deletion. DEL is a short form of the ERASE command, and is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E. . .FRAME DIR .TITLE List (matching) file names DIR [d:][\][path\][filename.filetype][/P][/W] Display a directory listing of files in the specified directory, or default directory if no directory specified. OPTIONS ------- /P The display pauses after every screenful of information. Press any key to see the next screenful. /W Just the filenames and filetypes, with 5 files on each line. ~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used with DIR. . .FRAME DISKCOMP .TITLE Compare disks DISKCOMP source-drive: target-drive:[/1][/8] OPTIONS ------- /1 Compare just the first side of the disks. /8 Compare just the first eight sectors of each track. DISKCOMP compares two disks to verify that they are identical. If any differences are found, the track number and side are reported. . .FRAME DISKCOPY .TITLE Copy entire disk DISKCOPY source-drive: target-drive: OPTIONS ------- /1 - only copy the first side, even if double sided. DISKCOPY copies the contents of a floppy disk from one drive to another. . .FRAME EDLIN .TITLE Line editor EDLIN [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype[/B] OPTIONS ------- /B Don't interpret Ctrl-Z characters as end of file. EDLIN invokes the MSDOS line editor to edit the specified file. EDLIN commands are detailed in ~FEDLIN COMMANDS~E. . .FRAME EDLIN COMMANDS .TITLE Commands used within EDLIN EDLIN Commands are as follows:- n edit line n [n]A append n lines [n],[m],l[,c]C Copy a range of lines [n][,m]D Delete a range of lines E End edit, save file, return to DOS [n]I Insert lines before line n [n][,m]L List range of lines [n][,m]lM Move range of lines [n][,m]P Display range of lines in pages Q Quit to DOS without saving [n][,m][?]Rold-string[Ctrl-Z[newstring]] Replace all old with new [n][,m][?]Sstring Search for string in range [l]Tfilespec Transfer file into edit buffer before line l [n]W Write first n lines to disk . .FRAME ERASE .TITLE Delete file(s) ERASE [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype This command is the same as the ~FDEL~E command (viz.). . .FRAME FIND .TITLE Find text string in a file FIND [/V][/C][/N] "string" [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype OPTIONS ------- /V Display all lines except those containing the specified string. /C Display the number of lines in which the string was found. /N Number of lines according to their position in the file. FIND reads the named file or files, or acts as a ~Nfilter~E if no files are specified, searching its input for "string" where "string" is an alphanumeric string specifying exact case of letters. e.g. FIND "fred" NAME1.LST NAME2.LST ~FDIR~E | FIND "EXE" . .FRAME FORMAT .TITLE Format Disk in specified drive FORMAT d:[option[option...]] OPTIONS ------- /1 Format a single sided disk. /8 Format with 8 usable sectors per track. /B Reserve space for hidden system files. /N:n Format with n sectors per track (n=8,9) /T:t Format with t tracks (t=40,80) /V Prompt for a disk label after the format has been completed (the label which is shown on the screen every time you use the DIR command to display the contents of the disk - can be up to 11 characters long. /S Format and prepare for use as a startup disk by copying the system files from the default drive to the newly formatted disk. . .FRAME GRAPHICS .TITLE Set up graphics driver for printer GRAPHICS printer-type[/R][/B] ---------------------- PRINTER TYPES ------------------------- COLOR1 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with a black ribbon. COLOR4 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with an RGB (Red, Green, Blue) ribbon. COLOR8 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with a CMY (Cyan,Magenta, Yellow and Black) ribbon. COMPACT IBM PC Compact Printer (or compatible). GRAPHICS IBM PC Graphics Printer (or compatible, e.g AMSTRAD DMP3000). COLORJET IBM Colorjet Printer (or compatible). ----------------------- OPTIONS ------------------------------- /R Print foreground light, background dark as seen on the monitor. If this option is not selected, then the foreground is printed dark and the background light. /B Print the background colour. If this option is not selected the background colour is not printed. (PRINTER TYPES COLOR4 & 8 ONLY). /F Turn the screen dump round through 90 Degrees. /C Centre the screen dump on the page. . .FRAME JOIN .TITLE Join drive as directory JOIN d: [d:][\]path JOIN d:/D JOIN joins a disk drive to a directory on another drive. The /D switch breaks any join so made The directory to be joined to must be empty, and must be in the root directory. If it does not exist, it will be created. References to files beneath this directory will be referred to the drive joined at that point. . .FRAME KEYBUK .TITLE Set for british keyboard KEYBUK This sets the keyboard up for U.K. usage . .FRAME LABEL .TITLE Label a disk LABEL [d:] label LABEL creates, or changes, a disk label. The label can be up to 11 characters long, including spaces. If no parameter is specified, the label is displayed. All characters except *?/\|.,;:+=<>[] can be used. . .FRAME MKDIR .TITLE Create subdirectory MKDIR [d:][\]path MKDIR creates a new subdirectory on the specified (or default) drive and directory. MKDIR is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E See also ~FRMDIR~E . .FRAME MODE .TITLE Set device mode MODE device:setting[,setting...] Sets up a device mode as follows:- MODE LPTn:w,v (n = 1,2,3:w = 80,132:v = 6,8) - set printer MODE [w],[s[,T]] (w = 40,80,BW40,BW80,CO40,CO80,MONO) - screen mode (s = L,R) - shift left/right one/two characters (T) - test pattern display for alignment MODE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,P]]]] (n = 1,2:baud=110 to 9600:parity=N,E,O:databits=7,8) (stopbits=1,2:P indicates printer) - set comms port MODE LPTn:=COMm (n=1,2,3:m=1,2) - redirect printer output to serial port. . .FRAME MORE .TITLE Display output a screenful at a time MORE < ~Nfilespec~E MORE is used to display a text file a page at a time. It is used as a ~Nfilter~E, and has its input redirected or piped into it. When each page is complete, the message "--More--" appears on the bottom line and the program waits for a key to be pressed. e.g. ~FDIR~E | MORE to display a long directory listing a page at a time MORE < TEXT.FIL to display the file TEXT.FIL a page at a time . .END . .FRAME PATH .TITLE Set search path for executables PATH [d:]\path[;[d:]\path...] PATH specifies the list of directories searched when programs or batch files are not in the default directory. If no parameters are specified, the current value is shown. PATH; clears the search path, so that only the default directory is searched. PATH is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E . .FRAME PRINT .TITLE Spool file for printing PRINT [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype[[d:][\][path\]filename.filetype...] [\P][\C][\T] OPTIONS ------- /C Remove this and following files (up to the next file listed with the P option) from the list of files waiting to be printed. /P Add this and following files (up to the next file listed with the /C option) to the list of files waiting to be printed. /T Stop the current file from being printed. PRINT controls the print spooler, to enable files to be sent to the printer as a background process whilst other work is done. . .END .FRAME PROMPT .TITLE Set prompt string PROMPT prompt-text where [prompt-text] is: letter:$$character[letter:$$character...] $$T Time. $$d Date. $$n The drive letter of the default drive. $$p The current directory on the default drive. $$v The MS-DOS version number. $$$$ A $$ character. $$g A ">" character. $$l A "<" character. $$b A : character. $$q A = character. $$h A Backspace character. $$e An ESCape character. $$_ A new line. PROMPT sets the DOS prompt string. . .FRAME RENAME .TITLE Rename file RENAME [d:][\][path\]old-name new-name Renames a file to a new name RENAME may be shortened to REN ~NWildcard~Es can be used in the filename or extension part of the file specification to enable a set of files to be renamed. RENAME is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E . .FRAME REPLACE .TITLE Replace old versions and add new REPLACE source-drive:[\][path\]filename.filetype target-drive:[\][path][option[option...]] OPTIONS ------- /A Add new files to the target directory. /D Replace only if the source file is more recent. /P Prompt for confirmation before replacing a target file or adding a new source file. /R Search both the given target directory and its subdirectories for old versions of the files. /S Replace both read-write and read-only files. /w Wait for a key to be pressed before starting replacing and adding files. REPLACE updates a second directory with uptodate versions of files, and adds new files. ~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used. . .FRAME RMDIR .TITLE Delete subdirectory RMDIR [d:][\]path RMDIR removes a ~Nsubdirectory~E. RMDIR can be shortened to RD. The directory must be empty before it can be deleted. RMDIR is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E . .END . .FRAME SET .TITLE Set environment variable SET variable=string SET inserts variables into the DOS environment list. These are known as environment variables. If no parameters are specified, the current settings are shown. If the 'string' parameter is null (e.g. 'SET variable=') the variable is removed from the environment. This is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E e.g. SET NAME=FRED . .FRAME SORT .TITLE Sort file SORT [/R][/+n] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype] [ destination] OPTIONS ------- /R Reverse the sort, highest sequence comes first /+N Sort at Column N. SORT sorts the input text file and writes out the sorted data. SORT can be used as a ~Nfilter~E program e.g. ~FDIR~E | SORT /R . .FRAME SUBST .TITLE Subst name of imaginary drive for path SUBST d: [d:][\]path SUBST allows a pathname to be referenced as a psuedo disk drive, allowing the use of software that can only work with a fixed drive letter. . .FRAME SYS .TITLE Setup a boot disk SYS d: SYS copies the system files from the default drive to the specified drive The disk must have been formatted using the /S or /B option on the FORMAT command, or the directory must be empty. . .FRAME TIME .TITLE Show/set time TIME [hh:mm] TIME displays and optionally sets the system time. . .FRAME TREE .TITLE Display subdirectory tree TREE [d:][/F] If the option /F is used, the names of the files in each directory are also listed. TREE displays the hierarchy of subdirectories and optionally lists the files in each ~Nsubdirectory~E. . .FRAME TYPE .TITLE Display file on screen TYPE [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype TYPE displays the textual contents of the specified file. . .FRAME VER .TITLE Give MSDOS version VER This prints out the MSDOS version number, showing the major version number and the revision level. . .FRAME VERIFY .TITLE Set disk verify On/Off VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF VERIFY ON enables disk verify operation, so that data is chacked after it is written to the disk. VERIFY OFF disables the disk write verification. If no parameters are specified, the current setting is shown. VERIFY is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E . .FRAME VOL .TITLE Display disk volume label VOL d: VOL displays the label of the disk on the specified drive. VOL is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E. . .FRAME XCOPY .TITLE Copy (extended) XCOPY [d:][\][path\]source[d:][\][path\]destination [option[option...]] OPTIONS ------- /A Only copy files that have the Archive attribute set. /D:dd-mm-yy Only copy files that have been changed on or after the given date. /E Copy entry subdirectories as well as ones with files in them. /M Only copy files that have the Archive attribute set. /P Confirm each copy. /S Copy files from both the given directory and from its subdi- rectories. /V Verify each copy as it is written, to check that the new file is identical to the original. /W Wait until a key is pressed before starting the copy. XCOPY provides an extended copy command that does selective copying. ~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used. . .FRAME ECHO .TITLE Display message ECHO message ECHO displays a message to the screen from a batch file The forms:- ECHO ON and ECHO OFF Enable or disable the display of commands as they are executed in a batch file. This is enabled by default. If no parameters are supplied, the current status is displayed. . .FRAME FOR .TITLE Operate on group of files FOR %%var IN wildcardspec DO command FOR executes the given command for each file matching the ~NWildcard~E file specification. The variable var may be substituted into the command to provide the name of the current file in the group. e.g. FOR %%a IN *.TXT DO TYPE %%a This allows all files with the extension TXT to be typed. This is a useful way of allowing wildcard specifications to be used with commands that do not support them directly. . .FRAME GOTO .TITLE Branch to a label in a batch file GOTO label GOTO transfers control to a specified label in a batch file. If the label does not exist, the batch file aborts with an error message. e.g. :HERE ECHO AGAIN GOTO HERE Loops indefinately displaying the message "AGAIN" . .FRAME IF .TITLE Test a condition in batch file IF {NOT} condition command If evaluates the condition, and if it is true (or false if NOT is specified), the command is executed. The condition may take one of the following forms:- EXIST filename This tests to see if the file exists ERRORLEVEL n This tests the exit status of the previous command, and if it is greater than or equal to 'n' the condition is true string==string This tests one string against another, and they are equal, the condition is true . .FRAME PAUSE .TITLE Await depression of key PAUSE {remark} PAUSE causes the system to stop until a key is pressed The optional remark is displayed prior to the pause, if specified. . .FRAME REM .TITLE Remark in batch file --------------------- REM - Internal Batch Subcommand ----------------------- REM denotes a remark (comment) in a batch file. FORMAT: REM [remark] REMARKS: Remarks may be any string of characters. The maximum length of a remark is 123 characters. Note that remarks will not be displayed during batch file execution if ECHO has been set to OFF. EXAMPLE: Display the remark, "This Batch File Backs Up the Budget Files:" REM This Batch File Backs Up the Budget Files . .FRAME Parameter .TITLE Supplying parameters to a batch file Parameters Up to 10 parameters may be supplied to a batch file, or more if ~FSHIFT~E is used. These parameters are treated like ~Nenvironment variable~Es, and have the names %0 to %9 Environment variables set using the ~FSET~E command can be expanded within the batch file using the notation:- %variablename% Where variablename is the ~Nenvironment variable~E. . .FRAME SHIFT .TITLE Shift arguments SHIFT SHIFT moves all replaceable ~Fparameter~Es to a batch command file down one in number, so that %1 becomes %0, %2 becomes %1 etc. This permits more than the ten directly usable parameters to be entered. .